Instructions:
- Identify the year to date & 20 year average annual historical inflation rates for your company using the tables shown below the calculator
- Enter the following values into the blue-colored cells:
- Prior year end inventory balance at cost
- Current year inflation rate
- 20 year average annual inflation rate: used to calculate the 20 year projected tax savings
- Combined federal & state tax rate
- The green-colored cells will automatically update as soon as all values have been entered into the blue-colored input cells
Note: LIFO is adopted on a prospective basis & LIFO tax savings accrue beginning in the year of the change. Prior period benefits can NOT be retrospectively recaptured. 20 year cumulative taxable income reduction & after-tax cash savings shown in calculator are for analysis purposes only & is provided to project the potential tax savings from LIFO that could occur over the next 20 years based on your current year inventory balance at cost & the historical inflation rates.
BLS PPI Annual Inflation Rate Averages Table for Selected Commodities Through December 2025
| PPI Code | BLS PPI Category Description | 1M 12/25 | YTD 12/25 | 1YR 12/25 | 3YR 12/25 | 5Y 12/25 | 10YR 12/25 | 20Y 12/25 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 01 | FARM PRODUCTS | 0.3% | -0.3% | -0.3% | -3.5% | 6.5% | 3.8% | 3.3% |
| 011 | Fruits & melons, fresh/dry vegs. & nuts | -9.6% | -7.1% | -7.1% | -8.3% | 3.8% | 1.8% | 2.7% |
| 012 | Grains | 2.2% | -5.9% | -5.9% | -14.9% | -0.7% | 1.2% | 3.4% |
| 013 | Slaughter livestock | 2.0% | 20.2% | 20.2% | 18.2% | 17.6% | 7.7% | 4.9% |
| 014 | Slaughter poultry | 6.3% | -6.5% | -6.5% | -3.0% | 8.1% | 4.2% | 3.7% |
| 015 | Raw cotton | -0.8% | -7.3% | -7.3% | -9.6% | -2.6% | -0.2% | 1.1% |
| 016 | Raw milk | 15.3% | -7.0% | -7.0% | -3.7% | 1.5% | 2.5% | 2.0% |
| 017 | Chicken eggs | -12.1% | -53.2% | -53.2% | -27.2% | 21.3% | 5.2% | 4.9% |
| 018 | Hay, hayseeds and oilseeds | -5.7% | 7.1% | 7.1% | -10.9% | -1.2% | 2.2% | 3.0% |
| 02 | PROCESSED FOODS AND FEEDS | -0.9% | 1.8% | 1.8% | 1.6% | 4.9% | 3.0% | 2.9% |
| 021 | Cereal and bakery products | 0.2% | 0.7% | 0.7% | 0.5% | 5.0% | 2.9% | 3.1% |
| 022 | Meats, poultry, and fish | -2.2% | 6.9% | 6.9% | 5.5% | 6.4% | 3.8% | 3.1% |
| 023 | Dairy products | -0.7% | -5.0% | -5.0% | -2.7% | 2.4% | 1.5% | 1.9% |
| 024 | Processed fruits and vegetables | 0.0% | 3.0% | 3.0% | 4.4% | 7.0% | 4.4% | 3.8% |
| 025 | Sugar and confectionery | -0.4% | -1.1% | -1.1% | 6.6% | 6.4% | 3.4% | 3.2% |
| 026 | Beverages and beverage materials | 0.7% | 5.0% | 5.0% | 4.1% | 5.1% | 3.3% | 2.7% |
| 027 | Fats and oils | -0.2% | 1.9% | 1.9% | -7.7% | 4.8% | 3.1% | 3.2% |
| 028 | Miscellaneous processed foods | -2.4% | -1.0% | -1.0% | -0.1% | 4.9% | 2.8% | 2.7% |
| 029 | Prepared animal feeds | 0.3% | -1.3% | -1.3% | -4.1% | 1.9% | 2.4% | 3.5% |
| 03 | TEXTILE PRODUCTS AND APPAREL | 0.8% | 4.0% | 4.0% | 1.1% | 5.2% | 3.0% | 2.3% |
| 031 | Synthetic fibers | 0.0% | 0.2% | 0.2% | 0.6% | 5.5% | 3.3% | 1.9% |
| 032 | Processed yarns and threads | -0.2% | 2.3% | 2.3% | -1.8% | 5.8% | 3.0% | 2.4% |
| 033 | Greige fabrics | 0.0% | 5.5% | 5.5% | 1.5% | 5.3% | 2.5% | 2.2% |
| 034 | Finished fabrics | -0.1% | 4.0% | 4.0% | 1.2% | 5.2% | 3.3% | 2.6% |
| 038 | Apparel & other fabricated textile prods | 2.5% | 6.6% | 6.6% | 3.7% | 4.6% | 2.7% | 2.2% |
| 039 | Miscellaneous textile products/services | 0.4% | 2.9% | 2.9% | -5.3% | 6.6% | 2.6% | 1.9% |
| 05 | FUELS AND RELATED PRODUCTS AND POWER | -3.4% | -1.1% | -1.1% | -4.7% | 6.1% | 3.9% | 1.0% |
| 051 | Coal | 2.7% | 3.0% | 3.0% | 1.2% | 9.3% | 4.6% | 4.8% |
| 053 | Gas fuels | 21.2% | -3.9% | -3.9% | -20.2% | 5.2% | 2.5% | -5.3% |
| 055 | Utility natural gas | 5.7% | 12.3% | 12.3% | -0.6% | 7.6% | 5.6% | 0.7% |
| 056 | Crude petroleum (domestic production) | -3.5% | -15.5% | -15.5% | -7.7% | 5.0% | 5.4% | -0.1% |
| 057 | Petroleum products, refined | -11.9% | -7.9% | -7.9% | -8.8% | 5.6% | 4.5% | 1.2% |
| 058 | Asphalt and other petroleum and coal products, n.e.c. | 0.9% | 24.8% | 24.8% | -0.9% | 6.7% | 4.1% | 6.9% |
| 06 | CHEMICALS AND ALLIED PRODUCTS | -0.3% | 0.9% | 0.9% | -1.1% | 4.0% | 2.8% | 2.8% |
| 061 | Industrial chemicals | -0.1% | -1.5% | -1.5% | -4.0% | 4.4% | 2.3% | 2.0% |
| 062 | Paints and allied products | 0.0% | 4.3% | 4.3% | 0.6% | 6.9% | 4.7% | 3.9% |
| 063 | Drugs and pharmaceuticals | 0.0% | 0.7% | 0.7% | 2.0% | 2.2% | 3.0% | 4.1% |
| 064 | Fats and oils, inedible | -1.1% | 14.3% | 14.3% | 0.1% | 11.1% | 7.5% | 5.1% |
| 065 | Agricultural chemicals and chemical products | -2.1% | 7.6% | 7.6% | -7.5% | 7.1% | 3.0% | 3.2% |
| 066 | Plastic resins and materials | -1.5% | -3.4% | -3.4% | -3.3% | 1.9% | 1.4% | 1.0% |
| 067 | Other chemicals and allied products | 0.4% | 3.5% | 3.5% | 2.3% | 5.2% | 3.2% | 2.8% |
| 07 | RUBBER AND PLASTIC PRODUCTS | 0.1% | 0.7% | 0.7% | -0.2% | 5.5% | 3.3% | 2.6% |
| 071 | Rubber and rubber products | -0.2% | 2.0% | 2.0% | 1.3% | 5.0% | 3.0% | 2.7% |
| 072 | Plastic products | 0.2% | 0.3% | 0.3% | -0.6% | 5.6% | 3.4% | 2.6% |
| 08 | LUMBER AND WOOD PRODUCTS | 0.1% | -0.5% | -0.5% | -1.0% | 1.7% | 3.1% | 2.1% |
| 081 | Lumber | 0.0% | -2.0% | -2.0% | -0.3% | -2.2% | 3.0% | 1.5% |
| 082 | Millwork | -0.1% | -0.1% | -0.1% | -0.7% | 4.5% | 4.1% | 2.9% |
| 083 | Plywood | 0.2% | 0.0% | 0.0% | -3.0% | 1.3% | 3.3% | 2.0% |
| 084 | Other wood products | 0.4% | 1.6% | 1.6% | -1.7% | 3.2% | 2.9% | 2.0% |
| 085 | Logs, bolts, timber, pulpwood, woodchips and other roundwood products | 0.2% | 0.1% | 0.1% | -2.1% | 1.2% | 0.9% | 1.4% |
| 086 | Prefabricated wood buildings & components | -0.1% | 4.0% | 4.0% | 1.5% | 6.9% | 5.2% | 3.3% |
| 087 | Treated wood and contract wood preserving | 0.2% | -6.8% | -6.8% | -1.2% | 2.1% | 2.8% | 2.2% |
| 09 | PULP,PAPER, AND ALLIED PRODUCTS | 0.1% | 1.1% | 1.1% | 0.8% | 5.4% | 3.3% | 2.6% |
| 091 | Pulp, paper, and prod., ex. bldg. paper | 0.3% | 1.3% | 1.3% | 0.5% | 5.5% | 3.2% | 2.8% |
| 092 | Building paper & building board mill prods. | -2.5% | -27.4% | -27.4% | -11.4% | -6.9% | 1.5% | 1.2% |
| 094 | Publications, printed matter & printing material | -0.2% | 3.4% | 3.4% | 3.0% | 6.5% | 3.9% | |
| 10 | METALS AND METAL PRODUCTS | 3.2% | 13.7% | 13.7% | 4.2% | 8.6% | 6.4% | 3.8% |
| 101 | Iron and steel | 5.5% | 11.2% | 11.2% | -0.4% | 7.4% | 6.6% | 3.2% |
| 102 | Nonferrous metals | 5.6% | 29.4% | 29.4% | 11.3% | 10.3% | 8.4% | 4.7% |
| 103 | Metal containers | 1.9% | 8.9% | 8.9% | 1.3% | 8.4% | 5.1% | 3.4% |
| 104 | Hardware | 0.7% | 7.0% | 7.0% | 2.9% | 6.1% | 3.9% | 3.0% |
| 105 | Plumbing fixtures and fittings | 2.4% | 8.1% | 8.1% | 3.6% | 4.9% | 3.6% | 3.1% |
| 106 | Heating equipment | 0.2% | 7.3% | 7.3% | 3.9% | 8.6% | 5.6% | 4.5% |
| 107 | Fabricated structural metal products | 0.3% | 8.0% | 8.0% | 3.0% | 10.3% | 6.4% | 4.1% |
| 108 | Miscellaneous metal products | 0.4% | 3.6% | 3.6% | 2.8% | 6.0% | 3.7% | 2.7% |
| 11 | MACHINERY AND EQUIPMENT | 0.3% | 5.2% | 5.2% | 3.9% | 5.6% | 3.3% | 2.2% |
| 111 | Agricultural machinery and equipment | 0.3% | 1.8% | 1.8% | 1.4% | 6.1% | 3.9% | 3.2% |
| 112 | Construction machinery and equipment | 0.8% | 6.1% | 6.1% | 4.7% | 6.5% | 4.1% | 3.3% |
| 113 | Metalworking machinery and equipment | 0.5% | 5.1% | 5.1% | 4.6% | 5.8% | 3.5% | 2.6% |
| 114 | General purpose machinery and equipment | 0.4% | 7.7% | 7.7% | 5.4% | 7.9% | 5.0% | 3.9% |
| 115 | Electronic computers and computer equipment | 0.1% | 4.7% | 4.7% | 55.4% | 32.6% | 13.7% | 3.7% |
| 116 | Special industry machinery and equipment | 0.6% | 4.4% | 4.4% | 3.6% | 6.6% | 4.1% | 2.7% |
| 117 | Electrical machinery and equipment | 0.2% | 4.7% | 4.7% | 3.1% | 4.3% | 2.5% | 1.3% |
| 118 | Miscellaneous instruments | 0.1% | 6.5% | 6.5% | 5.1% | 5.7% | 3.7% | 2.7% |
| 119 | Miscellaneous machinery | 0.1% | 2.3% | 2.3% | 3.1% | 4.0% | 2.4% | 2.2% |
| 12 | FURNITURE AND HOUSEHOLD DURABLES | 0.4% | 4.6% | 4.6% | 2.2% | 5.1% | 3.5% | 2.5% |
| 121 | Household furniture | 0.3% | 3.6% | 3.6% | 1.3% | 4.9% | 3.4% | 2.6% |
| 122 | Commercial furniture | 0.6% | 5.3% | 5.3% | 3.4% | 7.0% | 4.7% | 3.3% |
| 123 | Floor coverings | -1.0% | 2.7% | 2.7% | 0.9% | 2.1% | 1.6% | 1.8% |
| 124 | Household appliances | 1.1% | 5.3% | 5.3% | 1.5% | 4.2% | 2.9% | 2.0% |
| 125 | Home electronic equipment | -0.6% | 4.9% | 4.9% | 2.5% | 4.6% | 2.6% | 0.3% |
| 126 | Other household durable goods | 0.3% | 4.9% | 4.9% | 3.0% | 5.1% | 3.3% | 2.4% |
| 13 | NONMETALIC MINERAL PRODUCTS | 0.2% | 2.9% | 2.9% | 3.9% | 6.5% | 4.4% | 3.8% |
| 131 | Glass | 0.4% | 2.9% | 2.9% | 2.1% | 4.4% | 3.3% | 2.3% |
| 132 | Concrete ingredients and related products | 0.1% | 4.7% | 4.7% | 6.8% | 7.3% | 5.5% | 4.5% |
| 133 | Concrete products | 0.2% | 1.9% | 1.9% | 4.3% | 7.1% | 5.0% | 3.9% |
| 134 | Clay construction products ex. refractories | 0.0% | 1.6% | 1.6% | 2.2% | 4.2% | 2.7% | 1.7% |
| 135 | Refractories | -0.1% | 1.6% | 1.6% | 1.8% | 4.9% | 3.7% | 3.7% |
| 136 | Asphalt felts and coatings | -0.6% | 0.8% | 0.8% | 1.4% | 6.5% | 4.4% | 4.6% |
| 137 | Gypsum products | 0.0% | 0.7% | 0.7% | 1.4% | 7.9% | 5.5% | 3.3% |
| 138 | Glass containers | 0.9% | 2.4% | 2.4% | 5.6% | 7.3% | 4.4% | 3.7% |
| 139 | Other nonmetallic minerals | 0.3% | 3.9% | 3.9% | 3.5% | 6.2% | 3.4% | 3.7% |
| 14 | TRANSPORTATION EQUIPMENT | 0.3% | 2.3% | 2.3% | 2.0% | 2.9% | 1.9% | 1.7% |
| 141 | Motor vehicles and equipment | 0.3% | 2.3% | 2.3% | 1.5% | 2.8% | 1.8% | 1.5% |
| 142 | Aircraft and aircraft equipment | 0.3% | 2.2% | 2.2% | 3.1% | 3.1% | 2.1% | 2.3% |
| 143 | Ships and boats | 0.1% | 3.0% | 3.0% | 2.5% | 3.6% | 2.5% | 2.4% |
| 144 | Railroad equipment | 0.0% | 1.0% | 1.0% | 0.9% | 1.3% | 0.7% | 1.5% |
| 149 | Transportation equipment, n.e.c. | -0.2% | 1.0% | 1.0% | 0.5% | 3.2% | 2.5% | 1.7% |
| 15 | MISCELLANEOUS PRODUCTS | 0.3% | 5.9% | 5.9% | 5.5% | 6.3% | 4.5% | 3.3% |
| 151 | Toys, sporting goods, small arms, etc. | 0.4% | 1.9% | 1.9% | 3.3% | 6.2% | 3.5% | 2.6% |
| 152 | Tobacco products, incl. stemmed & redried | 0.1% | 10.6% | 10.6% | 10.9% | 10.3% | 8.0% | 6.5% |
| 154 | Photographic equipment and supplies | 0.1% | 3.2% | 3.2% | 3.4% | 4.8% | 3.3% | 2.6% |
| 155 | Mobile homes | -1.9% | 2.7% | 2.7% | 0.2% | 7.0% | 6.2% | 4.5% |
| 156 | Medical, surgical & personal aid devices | 0.2% | 2.8% | 2.8% | 2.5% | 2.6% | 1.8% | 1.4% |
| 157 | Other industrial safety equipment | 0.5% | 5.9% | 5.9% | 4.2% | 6.2% | 3.5% | 2.7% |
| 159 | Other miscellaneous products | 0.9% | 6.4% | 6.4% | 4.9% | 7.3% | 4.9% | 3.3% |
BLS CPI Historical Annual Inflation Rate Averages Through January 2026 Table for Selected Categories
| BLS CPI Code | BLS CPI Category Description | 1M 1/26 | 1Y 1/26 | 3Y 1/26 | 5Y 1/26 | 10Y 1/26 | 20Y 1/26 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| SAF | FOOD & BEVERAGES | 0.4% | 2.8% | 2.6% | 4.8% | 3.3% | 2.9% |
| SAF11 | Food at home | 0.6% | 2.1% | 1.7% | 4.7% | 2.7% | 2.5% |
| SAF114 | Nonalcoholic beverages & beverage materials | 1.6% | 4.5% | 3.4% | 5.6% | 3.4% | 2.4% |
| SEFN | Juices & nonalcoholic drinks | 2.6% | 2.3% | 3.0% | 5.3% | 3.6% | 2.5% |
| SEFN01 | Carbonated drinks | 4.0% | 3.5% | 3.1% | 5.4% | 4.1% | 2.9% |
| SEFN03 | Nonfrozen noncarbonated juices & drinks | 1.4% | 1.3% | 2.5% | 5.0% | 3.1% | 2.0% |
| SEFP | Beverage materials including coffee & tea | -0.5% | 9.9% | 4.3% | 6.2% | 3.0% | 2.2% |
| SEFP01 | Coffee | 0.6% | 18.3% | 6.3% | 8.1% | 3.6% | 2.9% |
| SEFP02 | Other beverage materials including tea | -2.8% | 0.2% | 2.3% | 3.9% | 2.3% | 1.7% |
| SAF115 | Other food at home | -0.1% | 2.1% | 1.8% | 5.1% | 3.0% | 2.5% |
| SEFT06 | Other miscellaneous foods | -1.8% | 2.6% | 1.5% | 4.8% | 2.9% | 2.2% |
| SEFW | Alcoholic beverages at home | 0.0% | 0.6% | 0.9% | 1.9% | 1.5% | 1.4% |
| SEFW01 | Beer, ale & other malt beverages at home | 0.4% | 1.7% | 1.9% | 3.3% | 2.6% | 2.3% |
| SEFW02 | Distilled spirits at home | 0.2% | 1.5% | 0.7% | 1.4% | 1.0% | 0.9% |
| SEFW03 | Wine at home | -0.5% | -0.9% | -0.1% | 0.8% | 0.7% | 0.7% |
| SEHE | FUEL OIL & OTHER FUELS | -1.8% | -6.0% | -6.0% | 6.0% | 4.9% | 2.2% |
| SAH3 | HOUSEHOLD FURNISHINGS & OPERATIONS | 0.4% | 3.9% | 1.5% | 3.8% | 2.3% | 1.0% |
| SAA | APPAREL | 2.0% | 1.7% | 0.7% | 2.1% | 0.7% | 0.6% |
| SAM1 | MEDICAL CARE COMMODITIES | -0.1% | 0.3% | 1.8% | 2.1% | 1.6% | 2.0% |
| SEMF | Medicinal drugs | -0.1% | -0.1% | 1.8% | 2.0% | 1.6% | |
| SEMF01 | Prescription drugs | 0.0% | -0.5% | 1.4% | 1.6% | 1.6% | 8.6% |
| SEMF02 | Nonprescription drugs | -0.5% | 0.9% | 2.9% | 3.0% | 1.3% | |
| SEMG | Medical equipment and supplies | 0.8% | 2.9% | 2.0% | 3.3% | 1.2% | |
| SAR | RECREATION | 0.8% | 2.5% | 2.3% | 3.3% | 2.2% | 1.3% |
| SEGA | TOBACCO & SMOKING PRODUCTS | 2.1% | 8.5% | 7.6% | 7.2% | 6.1% | 6.2% |
| SEGB | PERSONAL CARE PRODUCTS | 0.7% | 1.9% | 1.9% | 2.6% | 1.1% | 0.8% |
| SEGE | MISCELLANEOUS PERSONAL GOODS | 2.3% | 3.8% | -0.2% | 3.7% | 1.2% | 0.2% |
| SAG | OTHER GOODS AND SERVICES | 1.5% | 5.9% | 4.6% | 5.0% | 3.6% | 3.2% |
| SERE | Other recreational goods | 1.6% | 1.0% | -1.3% | 0.0% | -3.2% | -3.5% |
| SERG | Recreational reading materials | 0.2% | 1.9% | 1.4% | 1.5% | 2.0% | 1.8% |
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